Byzantine painting refers to the artistic style that developed in the Byzantine Empire from the 4th to the 15th centuries. Characterized by its religious themes, it often depicted Christian subjects, including Jesus Christ, the Virgin Mary, and various saints. The use of gold backgrounds and flat, elongated figures created a sense of spiritual transcendence, emphasizing the divine rather than realistic representation. The techniques of Byzantine painting included the use of fresco and tempera on wooden panels. Artists focused on symbolism and iconography, leading to the creation of icons that were venerated in churches. This style influenced later art movements, particularly in Eastern Orthodox traditions.