Byzantine Greece refers to the period of Greek history when the region was part of the Byzantine Empire, which lasted from the 4th century until the fall of Constantinople in 1453. During this time, Greek culture and language flourished, influenced by both Roman and Christian traditions. Major cities like Athens and Thessaloniki became important centers of trade, education, and art. The Byzantine period is known for its unique architectural styles, such as the construction of Hagia Sophia, and the development of Byzantine art, characterized by religious icons and mosaics. The empire played a crucial role in preserving ancient Greek texts and knowledge, which later influenced the Renaissance in Western Europe.