The Buwayh dynasty was a Persian family that ruled parts of Iran and Iraq during the 10th century. They were known for their significant influence on the Abbasid Caliphate, which was based in Baghdad. The Buwayhids were originally military leaders who gained power by taking control of key cities and territories. The dynasty was founded by Buwayh ibn Fana Khusraw and his brothers, who established a stronghold in Persia. They promoted Persian culture and language, contributing to a period of cultural and intellectual flourishing. The Buwayhids eventually declined due to internal strife and external pressures, leading to their fall by the late 11th century.