The Bus Protocol is a set of rules that governs how data is transmitted over a communication bus in computer systems. It ensures that multiple devices can communicate effectively without conflicts. This protocol defines how devices request access to the bus, how data is sent, and how errors are handled, making it essential for maintaining orderly communication. Different types of bus protocols exist, such as the I2C and SPI protocols, each suited for specific applications. These protocols help manage the flow of information between components like the CPU, memory, and peripherals, ensuring efficient data transfer and system performance.