The Burgundian duchy was a historical region in western Europe, primarily located in what is now eastern France and parts of Belgium. Established in the 9th century, it became a powerful political entity during the late Middle Ages, especially under the rule of the Valois Dukes of Burgundy. The duchy played a significant role in European politics, culture, and economics. At its height in the 15th century, the Burgundian duchy controlled vast territories, including Flanders, Brabant, and Hainaut. The wealth generated from trade and agriculture allowed the dukes to become influential players in European affairs, often acting as mediators between France and the Holy Roman Empire.