Burghers were members of the middle class in medieval and early modern European towns. They typically included merchants, craftsmen, and professionals who played a vital role in the economic and social life of their communities. Burghers often held certain privileges, such as the right to trade and participate in local governance, which distinguished them from the lower classes. In many cities, burghers formed guilds to protect their interests and regulate trade practices. These organizations helped maintain quality standards and provided support for members. The rise of the burgher class contributed to the development of urban centers and the growth of a more complex social structure in Europe during this period.