Bulgarian politics operates within a parliamentary republic framework, where the President serves as the head of state and the Prime Minister is the head of government. The National Assembly, Bulgaria's unicameral parliament, is responsible for legislative functions and consists of 240 members elected for four-year terms. Political life in Bulgaria is characterized by a multi-party system, with several parties representing various ideologies. Major political parties include the Bulgarian Socialist Party, GERB, and Movement for Rights and Freedoms. Political stability has been challenged by corruption issues and public protests, reflecting citizens' demands for transparency and reform.