Bulgarian politics operates within a parliamentary republic framework, where the President serves as the head of state and the Prime Minister is the head of government. The National Assembly, Bulgaria's unicameral parliament, is responsible for legislative functions and consists of 240 members elected for four-year terms. Political parties play a significant role, with major parties including the Bulgarian Socialist Party and GERB. Since transitioning to democracy in the early 1990s, Bulgaria has faced various challenges, including corruption and economic reforms. The country is a member of the European Union and NATO, which influences its political landscape and policies. Regular elections and a multi-party system contribute to the dynamic nature of Bulgarian politics.