Bug reporting is the process of identifying and documenting issues or errors in software applications. When users encounter a problem, they can submit a report detailing the bug, including steps to reproduce it, the expected outcome, and the actual outcome. This information helps developers understand the issue and work on a fix. Effective bug reporting is crucial for maintaining software quality. Clear and concise reports enable developers to prioritize and address issues efficiently. Tools like JIRA or Bugzilla are often used to track these reports, ensuring that bugs are resolved in a timely manner and improving the overall user experience.