Buckling Theory is a concept in structural engineering that describes the failure mode of slender structures when subjected to compressive loads. When the load exceeds a certain critical value, the structure can suddenly deform or "buckle," leading to potential collapse. This phenomenon is particularly important for columns, beams, and other elongated components. The theory helps engineers predict the load-carrying capacity of structures and design them to avoid buckling. Factors such as material properties, geometry, and boundary conditions play a crucial role in determining the critical load. Understanding Euler's formula is essential for calculating the buckling load of ideal columns.