Column buckling is a structural failure mode that occurs when a slender column is subjected to axial compressive loads. When the load exceeds a certain critical value, the column deforms laterally, leading to a sudden loss of load-carrying capacity. This phenomenon is particularly important in engineering and construction, as it can compromise the stability of structures. The critical load at which buckling occurs depends on several factors, including the column's material properties, length, and cross-sectional shape. Engineers use the Euler's formula to calculate this critical load, ensuring that columns are designed to withstand expected loads without buckling.