Martin Buber was an influential Austrian-born Jewish philosopher, best known for his work in existentialism and religious philosophy. He is particularly recognized for his concept of the "I-Thou" relationship, which emphasizes genuine dialogue and connection between individuals, contrasting it with the "I-It" relationship, where one treats others as objects. Buber's most famous work, "I and Thou," explores these ideas and their implications for human relationships and spirituality. He also contributed to the fields of Jewish thought, education, and political philosophy, advocating for dialogue and understanding among different cultures and religions throughout his life.