Martin Buber was an Austrian-born Jewish philosopher, best known for his work in existentialism and religious philosophy. He was born on February 8, 1878, and later moved to Germany, where he became influential in the fields of Jewish thought and dialogue philosophy. His most famous work, "I and Thou," explores the nature of relationships and the importance of genuine dialogue between individuals. Buber's ideas emphasized the distinction between two types of relationships: the "I-It" relationship, which is more transactional, and the "I-Thou" relationship, characterized by mutual respect and connection. He also contributed to the fields of education and politics, advocating for peaceful coexistence between Jews and Arabs in Palestine. Buber passed away on June 13, 1965.