Bridge components are the essential parts that make up a bridge, ensuring its stability and functionality. Key components include the deck, which is the surface where vehicles and pedestrians travel, and the superstructure, which supports the deck and transfers loads to the substructure. The substructure consists of elements like piers and abutments that provide support and stability to the bridge. Other important components are the expansion joints, which allow for movement due to temperature changes, and the railings, which enhance safety for users. Each component plays a crucial role in the overall performance and durability of the bridge, contributing to its ability to withstand various forces and conditions.