Brainfuck is an esoteric programming language created in 1993 by Urban Müller. It is designed to challenge and amuse programmers with its minimalistic syntax, consisting of only eight commands. These commands manipulate an array of memory cells, allowing for basic input and output operations. Despite its simplicity, Brainfuck can perform any computation that a more conventional programming language can, making it Turing complete. Its unique approach has inspired a variety of programming challenges and has led to the development of many other esoteric languages, showcasing the creativity and humor within the programming community.