Brain activity monitoring involves observing and recording the electrical signals produced by the brain. This is often done using tools like electroencephalograms (EEGs), which place small sensors on the scalp to detect brain waves. By analyzing these signals, researchers and doctors can gain insights into how the brain functions, identify abnormalities, and even track changes over time. This technology is valuable in various fields, including neurology, psychology, and cognitive science. It helps in diagnosing conditions such as epilepsy and sleep disorders, and it can also be used in research to understand how the brain responds to different stimuli or tasks, enhancing our knowledge of human behavior and cognition.