Botanical reproduction refers to the process by which plants produce new individuals. This can occur through two main methods: sexual and asexual reproduction. In sexual reproduction, plants produce seeds through the fertilization of ovules by pollen, often involving flowers and pollinators like bees or birds. Asexual reproduction, on the other hand, allows plants to reproduce without seeds. This can happen through various means, such as runners, bulbs, or cuttings, where parts of the plant develop into new individuals. Both methods are essential for plant survival and diversity in ecosystems.