A boson is a type of subatomic particle that follows Bose-Einstein statistics. Unlike fermions, which obey the Pauli exclusion principle and cannot occupy the same quantum state, bosons can exist in the same state simultaneously. This property allows them to play a crucial role in various physical phenomena, including the behavior of superconductors and superfluids. One of the most well-known bosons is the Higgs boson, which is associated with the mechanism that gives mass to other particles. Bosons include force-carrying particles like photons, gluons, and W and Z bosons, which mediate the fundamental forces of nature, such as electromagnetism and the weak nuclear force.