A Boolean formula is a mathematical expression that uses Boolean algebra to represent logical relationships. It consists of variables that can take on values of either true or false, combined using logical operators such as AND, OR, and NOT. These formulas are fundamental in computer science, particularly in areas like search algorithms and digital circuit design. In a Boolean formula, the outcome is determined by the values of the variables. For example, the formula A AND B is true only if both A and B are true. Boolean formulas can be simplified and manipulated using various rules, making them essential for programming and database queries.