Bone physiology refers to the study of the structure and function of bones in the human body. Bones are dynamic tissues that provide support, protect vital organs, and facilitate movement. They are composed of a matrix of collagen fibers and minerals, primarily calcium and phosphorus, which give them strength and rigidity. Bone remodeling is a continuous process where old bone tissue is replaced by new bone tissue. This process involves two main types of cells: osteoblasts, which build new bone, and osteoclasts, which break down old bone. This balance is crucial for maintaining bone health and density throughout life.