Bone Mineral Density (BMD) is a measurement that reflects the amount of minerals, primarily calcium and phosphorus, present in a specific volume of bone. It is an important indicator of bone strength and health, helping to assess the risk of fractures and conditions like osteoporosis. Higher BMD typically indicates stronger bones, while lower BMD can signal a higher risk of bone-related issues. BMD is usually measured using a non-invasive imaging technique called dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). This test provides a precise assessment of bone density in various parts of the body, such as the spine and hips. Regular monitoring of BMD can help in early detection and management of bone health.