Bone marrow transplantation is a medical procedure used to replace damaged or diseased bone marrow with healthy stem cells. This treatment is often necessary for patients with conditions like leukemia, lymphoma, or aplastic anemia, where the bone marrow fails to produce enough blood cells. The procedure can involve either autologous transplants, where a patient’s own stem cells are used, or allogeneic transplants, where stem cells are donated by another person. The process begins with the patient undergoing chemotherapy or radiation to destroy unhealthy cells. Afterward, healthy stem cells are infused into the patient’s bloodstream, where they migrate to the bone marrow and begin to produce new blood cells. Recovery can take time, and patients may need to stay in a hospital for monitoring and support during this period.