Stem cell transplantation is a medical procedure that involves replacing damaged or diseased bone marrow with healthy stem cells. These stem cells can come from the patient (autologous transplant) or a donor (allogeneic transplant). The goal is to restore the body’s ability to produce blood cells, which can be affected by conditions like cancer, blood disorders, or certain genetic diseases. Before the transplant, patients often undergo chemotherapy or radiation to prepare their bodies. After the procedure, patients may need to stay in the hospital for monitoring, as their immune systems will be weakened. Recovery can take time, but many patients can return to normal activities afterward.