A bone marrow biopsy is a medical procedure used to collect and examine bone marrow, the soft tissue inside bones that produces blood cells. This test helps diagnose various conditions, including leukemia, lymphoma, and other blood disorders. During the procedure, a doctor uses a needle to extract a small sample of bone marrow, usually from the hip bone. The biopsy is typically performed under local anesthesia to minimize discomfort. After the sample is taken, it is sent to a laboratory for analysis. Results can provide important information about the health of the bone marrow and the presence of any diseases.