Bolivian hemorrhagic fever is a severe viral illness caused by the Bolivian hemorrhagic fever virus, a member of the Arenaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted to humans through contact with infected rodents or their excretions. Symptoms typically include fever, fatigue, and bleeding, which can lead to serious complications. The disease is most commonly reported in Bolivia, particularly in rural areas where rodent populations are high. Early diagnosis and supportive care are crucial for improving outcomes, as there is currently no specific antiviral treatment available for this illness. Public health measures focus on rodent control and education to prevent outbreaks.