Black smokers are underwater hydrothermal vents found on the ocean floor, typically along mid-ocean ridges. They release superheated, mineral-rich water that can reach temperatures of over 400 degrees Celsius. The dark color of the emitted minerals, primarily iron sulfide, gives these vents their name. These unique ecosystems support diverse life forms, including extremophiles like tube worms and various microorganisms. The heat and chemicals from black smokers provide energy and nutrients, allowing these organisms to thrive in an environment devoid of sunlight, showcasing the resilience of life in extreme conditions.