"Black Moses" is a nickname for Marcus Garvey, a prominent Jamaican political leader, publisher, and orator in the early 20th century. He is best known for his role in the Pan-Africanism movement and for founding the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), which aimed to promote unity and self-determination among people of African descent. Garvey's vision included the establishment of a separate nation for African Americans in Africa, which he believed would empower them and restore their dignity. His ideas inspired many future civil rights leaders and movements, making him a significant figure in the history of the struggle for racial equality.