The Black Cross Nurses were a group of African American women who provided medical care and support during the early 20th century, particularly in the context of the Harlem Renaissance. They were established in 1919 by the National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses to address the lack of healthcare services for Black communities. Their mission included offering nursing services, health education, and advocating for better medical treatment for African Americans. These nurses played a crucial role in public health initiatives, especially during times of crisis, such as the Spanish Flu pandemic. They worked tirelessly to combat health disparities and promote wellness in underserved populations, often facing significant racial and social challenges in their efforts.