The "Bitwise AND" operation is a fundamental concept in computer science and programming. It compares two binary numbers bit by bit and returns a new binary number. For each pair of bits, if both bits are 1, the result is 1; otherwise, it is 0. For example, the Bitwise AND of 5 (binary 0101) and 3 (binary 0011) results in 1 (binary 0001). This operation is commonly used in various applications, such as masking bits, setting specific bits to 0, or checking if certain bits are set. Understanding Bitwise AND is essential for tasks involving low-level data manipulation and optimization in programming languages like C and Python.