A bipartite graph is a type of graph that consists of two distinct sets of vertices, where edges only connect vertices from different sets. This means that no two vertices within the same set are directly connected. Bipartite graphs are often used to model relationships between two different groups, such as students and courses. In a bipartite graph, the two sets can be denoted as U and V. Each edge connects a vertex in U to a vertex in V. This structure is useful in various applications, including matching problems and network flow analysis, where interactions between two different categories need to be represented.