A bipartite graph is a type of graph in mathematics where the set of vertices can be divided into two distinct groups. In this structure, edges only connect vertices from different groups, meaning no edges exist between vertices within the same group. This property makes bipartite graphs useful in various applications, such as matching problems and network flow analysis. Bipartite graphs can represent relationships between two different classes of objects, such as students and courses. In this case, an edge would indicate that a particular student is enrolled in a specific course, allowing for efficient analysis of connections between the two groups.