Bioremediation techniques involve using living organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, or plants, to clean up contaminated environments. These organisms can break down pollutants, such as oil spills or heavy metals, into less harmful substances. This process is often more environmentally friendly and cost-effective compared to traditional cleanup methods. There are two main types of bioremediation: in situ and ex situ. In situ bioremediation occurs at the site of contamination, while ex situ involves removing contaminated material for treatment elsewhere. Both methods aim to restore ecosystems and reduce the impact of pollutants on human health and the environment.