Biochemical sensors are devices that detect and measure biological substances, such as proteins, enzymes, or DNA. They work by converting a biological response into an electrical signal, allowing for the analysis of various biochemical reactions. These sensors are widely used in medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and food safety. The core components of biochemical sensors include a biological recognition element, like antibodies or nucleic acids, and a transducer that converts the interaction into a measurable signal. Applications of biochemical sensors range from glucose monitoring in diabetes management to detecting pathogens in water quality testing, showcasing their versatility and importance in various fields.