Bidirectional Search is an algorithm used in graph and tree traversal to find the shortest path between a start node and a goal node. It operates by simultaneously searching forward from the start node and backward from the goal node. The search continues until the two searches meet, which can significantly reduce the time and space complexity compared to unidirectional search methods. This approach is particularly useful in large search spaces, such as in Artificial Intelligence applications or pathfinding problems. By exploring both directions, Bidirectional Search can often find solutions more efficiently, making it a valuable technique in various computational scenarios.