Beta radiation is a type of ionizing radiation that occurs when unstable atomic nuclei release energy in the form of beta particles. These particles can be either electrons (beta-minus) or positrons (beta-plus). Beta radiation is produced during radioactive decay, helping unstable isotopes transform into more stable forms. Beta particles have a moderate penetrating ability, meaning they can pass through paper but are stopped by materials like plastic or glass. While beta radiation can be harmful to living tissues, it is also used in various applications, including medical treatments and radiation therapy for cancer.