The Berlin and Kay theory, proposed by linguists Paul Kay and Brent Berlin in 1969, explores how different cultures categorize colors. They suggested that there are universal patterns in color naming across languages, indicating that certain colors are more fundamental than others. According to their research, languages with fewer color terms tend to have a specific order in which colors are named. For example, if a language has only two color terms, they will typically correspond to light and dark. This theory has influenced studies in linguistics and cognitive science, highlighting the relationship between language and perception.