Color perception is the ability of the human eye and brain to interpret different wavelengths of light as distinct colors. This process involves specialized cells in the retina called cones, which are sensitive to red, green, and blue light. The brain then combines these signals to create the full spectrum of colors we see. Factors such as lighting conditions, surrounding colors, and individual differences in color blindness can affect how we perceive colors. Understanding color perception is essential in fields like art, design, and psychology, as it influences how we experience and interact with the world around us.