The Behistun Inscription is a monumental relief and inscription located on a cliff in western Iran. Created during the reign of the Persian king Darius the Great around 520 BCE, it features a trilingual text in Old Persian, Elamite, and Akkadian. The inscription commemorates Darius's victories over various rebel leaders and serves as a declaration of his legitimacy as king. This inscription is significant for its role in the decipherment of cuneiform script, which was crucial for understanding ancient Near Eastern history. Discovered in the 19th century, it provided key insights into the languages and cultures of the time, making it an essential artifact for historians and linguists alike.