Beach sand is made up of tiny particles that have been worn down by natural processes like wind and water. It often consists of minerals such as quartz, feldspar, and calcite, which come from rocks and shells. The color and texture of beach sand can vary widely, depending on the local geology and the presence of organic materials. The formation of beach sand occurs over thousands of years as waves crash against the shore, breaking down larger rocks into smaller grains. These grains are then carried by currents and deposited along the coastline, creating sandy beaches that are popular for recreation and relaxation.