The "Battle on Ice" refers to a significant event during the Great Northern War that took place on January 27, 1701. This battle occurred near the Lake Peipus in present-day Estonia and involved the forces of Peter the Great of Russia against the Swedish Empire. The conflict was marked by harsh winter conditions and the use of ice as a battlefield. The battle was crucial for Russia's emergence as a major power in Europe. Despite being outnumbered, Peter's troops managed to defeat the Swedish forces, showcasing innovative tactics and determination. This victory laid the groundwork for future Russian successes in the war.