The Battle of Fair Oaks, also known as the Battle of Seven Pines, took place from May 31 to June 1, 1862, during the American Civil War. It was fought near Richmond, Virginia, between the Union Army led by General George B. McClellan and the Confederate Army commanded by General Joseph E. Johnston. The battle was part of the Peninsula Campaign, aimed at capturing the Confederate capital. The battle resulted in heavy casualties on both sides, with approximately 13,000 Union and 11,000 Confederate soldiers affected. Although the Confederates initially gained ground, General Johnston was wounded, leading to General Robert E. Lee taking command. This shift ultimately changed the course of the campaign, as Lee would later launch a series of aggressive attacks against Union forces.