The Peninsula Campaign was a major military operation during the American Civil War that took place in 1862. It aimed to capture the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia, by advancing the Union Army, led by General George B. McClellan, from the Virginia Peninsula to the city. The campaign involved a series of battles, including the Battle of Yorktown and the Battle of Seven Pines. Despite initial successes, the campaign faced challenges, including strong Confederate resistance under General Robert E. Lee. Ultimately, the Union forces were unable to secure Richmond, leading to a retreat and marking a significant setback for the Union Army in the early stages of the war.