The Battle of Bull Run, fought on July 21, 1861, was the first major battle of the American Civil War. It took place near Manassas, Virginia, and involved Union forces led by General Irvin McDowell against Confederate troops commanded by General Pierre G. T. Beauregard and General Joseph E. Johnston. The battle ended in a surprising victory for the Confederates, boosting their morale and proving that the war would be longer and more brutal than initially expected. The battle was marked by chaotic fighting and significant casualties, with around 4,800 soldiers killed, wounded, or missing. Following the battle, many in the North realized that the conflict would require more preparation and commitment. The outcome also solidified the reputation of Confederate leaders and set the stage for future confrontations in the war.