Battery materials are the components used to create batteries, which store and release electrical energy. The most common materials include lithium, cobalt, nickel, and graphite. These materials are essential for the performance, capacity, and longevity of batteries, especially in applications like electric vehicles and portable electronics. The choice of battery materials affects not only the efficiency and cost of batteries but also their environmental impact. Researchers are continually exploring new materials and technologies, such as solid-state batteries and recycling methods, to improve battery performance and sustainability while reducing reliance on scarce resources.