Basque nationalism is a political and cultural movement that seeks to promote the identity, language, and rights of the Basque people, who inhabit regions in Spain and France. This movement emphasizes the unique culture, traditions, and history of the Basque Country, advocating for greater autonomy or independence from the central governments. The movement has its roots in the late 19th century and has been influenced by various factors, including language preservation, economic interests, and historical grievances. Organizations like the Basque Nationalist Party (PNV) and ETA have played significant roles in shaping the movement, with ETA historically advocating for independence through armed struggle.