Base conversion is the process of changing a number from one base to another. A base, or radix, is the number of unique digits, including zero, used to represent numbers in a positional numeral system. For example, the decimal system uses base 10, which includes the digits 0-9, while the binary system uses base 2, consisting of just 0 and 1. To convert a number, you can use various methods, such as repeated division or multiplication. For instance, to convert the decimal number 10 to binary, you would divide by 2 and record the remainders. This process helps in understanding how different numeral systems work, such as binary, decimal, and hexadecimal.