A base 10 logarithm, often written as log10 or simply log, is a mathematical function that helps determine the power to which the number 10 must be raised to obtain a specific value. For example, if you want to find log10(100), you are essentially asking, "10 raised to what power equals 100?" The answer is 2, since 10^2 = 100. Base 10 logarithms are widely used in various fields, including science, engineering, and finance, because they simplify calculations involving large numbers. They are particularly useful in measuring pH levels in chemistry or in calculating decibels in sound intensity, where exponential relationships are common.