The term "log10" refers to the logarithm base 10, which is a mathematical function used to determine the power to which the number 10 must be raised to obtain a given value. For example, log10(100) equals 2 because 10 raised to the power of 2 equals 100. This function is commonly used in various fields, including science and engineering, to simplify calculations involving large numbers. Logarithms, including log10, help convert multiplicative processes into additive ones, making complex calculations easier. They are particularly useful in measuring pH in chemistry, decibels in sound intensity, and Richter scale for earthquake magnitudes, where large ranges of values are involved.