The Barnsley coal mining industry was a significant part of the local economy in South Yorkshire, England. It began in the 18th century and expanded rapidly during the Industrial Revolution, providing coal for industries and homes. The area was rich in coal seams, making it an ideal location for mining operations. At its peak, Barnsley had numerous coal mines, employing thousands of workers. The industry faced challenges in the late 20th century due to declining demand and the rise of alternative energy sources. Many mines closed, leading to economic changes in the region and a shift towards other industries.