Ballot measures are proposals or questions that are put to voters during an election. They can include new laws, amendments to existing laws, or changes to the state constitution. Voters have the opportunity to approve or reject these measures, which can address a wide range of issues, such as taxes, education, or public health. These measures are often placed on the ballot through a petition process or by legislative action. Each state has its own rules regarding how ballot measures are created and voted on, making the process unique to places like California or Florida.